A GTPase that goes both ways

A GTPase that goes both ways

Survival gets more complicated NTF and related proteins have been shown to promote the survival of motoneurons in two different settings: during embryonic development and after nerve injury in adults. Because the signal and the response are apparently the same in the two situations, a simple explanation is that embryonic and adult neurons use the same signaling pathways to promote survival. But...

IFT-A goes both ways

Protrusion provides a prognosis H ow a cancer cell migrates across a 2D surface says little about its ability to move through a 3D matrix, Meyer et al. reveal, but measuring membrane protrusion can be much more informative. A metastasizing tumor cell moves through 3D tissues, yet, largely because they're easier to perform, most studies of cell migration are carried out on 2D surfaces. Meyer et ...

Barcan Both Ways

Optimal Paths for a Car That Goes Both Forwards and Backwards

The path taken by a car with a given minimum turning radius has a lower bound on its radius of curvature at each point, but the path has cusps if the car shifts into or out of reverse gear. What is the shortest such path a car can travel between two points if its starting and ending directions are specified? One need consider only paths with at most 2 cusps or reversals. We give a set of paths ...

Does COPI Go Both Ways?

from one Golgi complex to another under conditions that * Department of Molecular Cell Biology mirrored the conditions required for vesicle formation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute docking, and fusion. However, to many investigators University of California in the field, it remained uncertain whether the vesicles Berkeley, California 94720-3202 represented an obligatory intermediate in intra-...